载硫活性炭脱汞性能及其反应机理研究

以市售商业载硫活性炭为研究对象，在固定床实验台上进行汞吸附实验，分析吸附温度、入口汞浓度对其脱汞性能的影响，通过表征方法对失活前后吸附剂的物理化学性质进行对比，采用程序升温热脱附实验得到样品中吸附的汞形态，并探究其脱汞机理。结果表明：实验样品的适宜脱汞温度为70 ℃，脱汞效率随着汞浓度的升高而降低；活性炭样品失活后比表面积下降，表面含氧官能团减少，非氧化态硫含量降低，其汞吸附形态以HgS、HgO为主；载硫活性炭样品对汞的吸附脱除主要依靠含氧官能团和含硫官能团的化学吸附作用。     

高含硫气田集输系统增压模式优化研究

随着高含硫气田的持续开发,气井井口压力逐步低于集输压力,亟需实施集输系统增压运行。采用OLGA软件,以气液两相流、压降预测、耦合传热理论为基础,针对高含硫气田集输管网高程差、气体组分、液气比、管网全尺寸参数等工况条件,建立了复杂山地高含硫湿气集输系统生产运行的数值模型,以集输系统生产历史数据为基础,验证模型准确性并进行修正。考虑单井、多井或单线配置压缩机等情况,根据开发预测的各井压力变化情况,计算集输管网的压力分布及系统能耗,重点分析了单站增压、区域+单站增压、集输干线增压三种模式,最终优选出高含硫气田集输系统增压模式。     

煤化工烟道气毒性成分对Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长和细胞成分的影响

探究煤化工烟道气中毒性成分对微藻的影响是利用微藻固定煤化工烟道气CO₂实现减排的关键。本文利用不同浓度的NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O培养Chlorella pyrenoidosa（C. pyrenoidosa），以探究煤化工烟道气主要毒性成分H₂S、SO₂和NH₃气体水溶物的毒性。实验结果表明：NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、40mmol/(L·d)和7mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa生长无抑制作用，而且Na₂SO₃[＜40mmol/(L·d)]会显著促进 C. pyrenoidosa的生长；NaHS 添加4mmol/(L·d)时会在生长初期抑制C. pyrenoidosa的生长，NH₃·H₂O添加35mmol/(L·d)则会直接造成藻细胞的破碎死亡。与对照组相比，NaHS和Na₂SO₃浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、10mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa的细胞成分无影响；NaHS添加4mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白含量提高7.13%；Na₂SO₃添加40mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白降低13.45%，总糖含量提高42.90%；NH₃·H₂O的添加会使藻蛋白含量降低，总糖含量提高。微藻生物质整体蛋白质含量较高，可作为蛋白饲料来源。研究结果表明，C. pyrenoidosa对煤化工烟道气中的主要毒性气体有较好的耐受性，利用煤化工烟道气培养微藻具有可行性。     

Effect of Cultivation Parameters on Fermentation and Hydrogen Production in the Phylum Thermotogae

The phylum Thermotogae is composed of a single class (Thermotogae), 4 orders (Thermotogales, Kosmotogales, Petrotogales, Mesoaciditogales), 5 families (Thermatogaceae, Fervidobacteriaceae, Kosmotogaceae, Petrotogaceae, Mesoaciditogaceae), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the Thermotogae species. The metabolic versatility of Thermotogae members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields. The low risk of contamination associated with their extreme culture conditions has made most species of the phylum attractive candidates in biotechnological processes. Almost all members of the phylum, especially those in the order Thermotogales, can produce bio-hydrogen from a variety of simple and complex sugars with yields close to the theoretical Thauer limit of 4 mol H₂/mol consumed glucose. Acetate, lactate, and L-alanine are the major organic end products. Thermotagae fermentation processes are influenced by various factors, such as hydrogen partial pressure, agitation, gas sparging, culture/headspace ratio, inoculum, pH, temperature, nitrogen sources, sulfur sources, inorganic compounds, metal ions, etc. Optimization of these parameters will help to fully unleash the biotechnological potentials of Thermotogae and promote their applications in industry. This article gives an overview of how these operational parameters could impact Thermotogae fermentation in terms of sugar consumption, hydrogen yields, and organic acids production.     

一种超亲水自清洁、智能控温的钨掺杂二氧化钒薄膜的制备及其性能表征

本实验采用一种简单、低成本有效的溶胶-凝胶法制备了热致变色钨掺杂二氧化钒薄膜。首先将乙酰丙酮氧钒和氯化钨置于甲醇溶液中反应制备出前驱体,然后将前驱物旋涂在衬底基材上。最后在氩气氛围中、600 ℃进行退火。同时,对所制备的二氧化钒薄膜进行了XRD、XPS、SEM、UV和WCA等表征和测试。结果表明,钨掺杂二氧化钒薄膜颗粒尺寸范围从30～150 nm,薄膜的表面展现出优异的亲水性,其静态水接触角为12°。根据光学测试,钨掺杂VO₂薄膜表现出优异的光学性能与可见光调节效率(T_lum,s = 80.75%,T_lum,m = 79.24%)和优良的太阳能调节效率(ΔT_sol = 9.10%,T_sol,s = 81.40%,T_sol,m= 72.30%)。VO₂薄膜相变表现出可适用的相变温度:在钨掺杂摩尔量为2%时,其相变温度为32 ℃。     

应用于钠冷快堆的超临界二氧化碳动力转换系统研究

超临界二氧化碳（SCO₂）布雷顿循环由于高效、紧凑和可避免钠水反应等特性而成为钠冷快堆的理想动力转换系统。本文以1 200 MWe大型池式钠冷快堆为系统热源，钠回路温度及热负荷为循环系统运行边界，对比研究了不同SCO₂布雷顿循环系统性能和关键设备性能的变化规律。研究发现，级间冷却再压缩循环与钠冷快堆热源特性匹配性最佳，且循环效率最高（40.7%）。进而研究了不同运行参数对级间冷却再压缩循环效率的影响规律，给出了循环系统效率对各关键影响因素的敏感度，发现循环系统效率对冷端参数的敏感度最强，其次为分流比和透平入口参数，对主压缩机级间压比的敏感度最弱。     

Application of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma packed with glass and ceramic pellets for SO2 removal at ambient temperature: optimization and modeling using response surface methodology

Air pollution is a major health problem in developing countries and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. Non-thermal plasma is an effective air pollution treatment technology. In this research, the performance of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with glass and ceramic pellets was evaluated in the removal of SO₂ as a major air pollutant from air in ambient temperature. The response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three key parameters (concentration of gas, gas flow rate, and voltage) as well as their simultaneous effects and interactions on the SO₂ removal process. Reduced cubic models were derived to predict the SO₂ removal efficiency (RE) and energy yield (EY). Analysis of variance results showed that the packed-bed reactors (PBRs) studied were more energy efficient and had a high SO₂ RE which was at least four times more than that of the non-packed reactor. Moreover, the results showed that the performance of ceramic pellets was better than that of glass pellets in PBRs. This may be due to the porous surface of ceramic pellets which allows the formation of microdischarges in the fine cavities of a porous surface when placed in a plasma discharge zone. The maximum SO₂ RE and EY were obtained at 94% and 0.81 g kWh⁻¹, respectively under the optimal conditions of a concentration of gas of 750 ppm, a gas flow rate of 2 l min⁻¹, and a voltage of 18 kV, which were achieved by the DBD plasma packed with ceramic pellets. Finally, the results of the model's predictions and the experiments showed good agreement.     

Performance of a CO2 sorbent for indoor air cleaning applications: Effects of environmental conditions,sorbent aging,and adsorption of co-occurring formaldehyde

Indoor air cleaning systems that incorporate CO₂ sorbent materials enable HVAC load shifting and efficiency improvements. This study developed a bench-scale experimental system to evaluate the performance of a sorbent under controlled operation conditions. A thermostatic holder containing 3.15 g sorbent was connected to a manifold that delivered CO₂-enriched air at a known temperature and relative humidity (RH). The air stream was also enriched with 0.8-2.1 ppm formaldehyde. The CO₂ concentration was monitored in real-time upstream and downstream of the sorbent, and integrated formaldehyde samples were collected at different times using DNPH-coated silica cartridges. Sorbent regeneration was carried out by circulating clean air in countercurrent. Almost 200 loading/regeneration cycles were performed in the span of 17 months, from which 104 were carried out at reference test conditions defined by loading with air at 25°C, 38% RH, and 1000 ppm CO₂, and regenerating with air at 80°C, 3% RH and 400 ppm CO₂. The working capacity decreased slightly from 43-44 mg CO₂ per g sorbent to 39-40 mg per g over the 17 months. The capacity increased with lower loading temperature (in the range 15-35°C) and higher regeneration temperature, between 40 and 80°C. The CO₂ capacity was not sensitive to the moisture content in the range 6-9 g/m³, and decreased slightly when dry air was used. Loading isothermal breakthrough curves were fitted to three simple adsorption models, verifying that pseudo-first-order kinetics appropriately describes the adsorption process. The model predicted that equilibrium capacities decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 35°C, while adsorption rate constants slightly increased. The formaldehyde adsorption efficiency was 80%-99% in different cycles, corresponding to an average capacity of 86 ± 36 µg/g. Formaldehyde was not quantitatively released during regeneration, but its accumulation on the sorbent did not affect CO₂ adsorption.     

利用KH560和纳米SiO2采用“一步法”反应挤出增黏PET

以KH560（3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷）和纳米SiO₂颗粒复配作为扩链剂，采用“一步法”反应挤出增黏聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。KH560和SiO₂的添加量均为PET质量分数的2.5%时，增黏效果最好。并且在PET不干燥的情况下，KH560和SiO₂复配也可增加PET的黏度，可用作PET的扩链剂和防水解剂。经透射电镜观察，发现SiO₂在PET中的分散状况良好。用FTIR研究了KH560、SiO₂、PET三者之间的反应机理。用TGA分析了SiO₂的接枝率，发现接枝率高达72.0%。用DSC对PET/纳米SiO₂复合材料的结晶行为进行了研究，并讨论了结晶行为对力学性能的影响。当KH560和SiO₂的添加量均为PET质量分数的2.5%时，结晶度最低，综合力学性能最好。